Asian Pac. Examples include: The syrup and tablets include the following 10 species: Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), Celastrus paniculatus (C. paniculatus), C. pluricaulis, Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus), Acorus calamus (A. calamus), Embelia ribes (E. ribes), Tinospora cordifolia, Achyrantes aspera, Terminalia chebula and Saussurea lappa[35]. 26, 868875. Ultimately, the bioavailability of these drugs becomes low and therefore, lead to below- optimal efficacies (Tonda-Turo etal., 2018). Medicinal plants as anti-ulcer agents. Med. Res. Also Read: Introduction To Ayurveda: Learn About Vata, Pitta And Kapha Doshas. A few examples for elucidating the use of CP (Shankhpushpi) as cosmeceutical ingredients include Econature Shankhpushpi Hair oil, Khadi Natural Shankhpushpi oil and Alps Shankhpushpi hair Mask Powder. The anti-ulcerogenic effect was largely observed due to upregulation of mucosal defensive factors such as mucin and glycoprotein secretion, which in turn was induced by the flavonoids and steroids present in this herb (Srinivas etal., 2013). and causes a person to lose concentration and feel lethargic. The use of herbal medicines continues to escalate rapidly with about 70% of the world population still relying upon traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs. C. prostratus belongs to Convolvulaceae family and is ubiquitous in the north-western regions of India (Nisar etal., 2012). doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.005, Indo, Y. A novel mechanism of action and potential use for lobeline as a treatment for psychostimulant abuse. Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: an update. 30, 578582. The C. pluricaulis is an important indigenous medicine, which has a long medicinal application for liver disease, epileptic disease, microbial disease, cytotoxic and viral diseases, central nervous system (CNS) disease in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and other indigenous medical systems. Similar results have been observed in case of aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in rat cerebral cortex. It also helps in enhancing concentration, learning capabilities, mental fatigue, insomnia, stress, anxiety, depression, etc. Sci. Massaging the forehead and scalp with the oil relieves from stress and headache. Kumar DC. doi:10.2174/138945011798109464, Aleebrahim-Dehkordy, E., Tamadon, M. R., Nasri, H., Baradaran, A., Nasri, P., Beigrezaei, S. (2017). The sodium-potassium pump is an information processing element in brain computation. Chem. All of these stated medicinal utilities of C. prostratus (CP) have been attributed to various phytoconstituents, belonging to the chemical family of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and polyphenols. This memory-boosting herb is a magical remedy for a host of psychotic diseases like epilepsy, dementia, Alzheimers as it prevents the destruction of neurons and improves cognitive functioning. J. Pharm. 1. Multiple Bioactivities of Traditional Medicinal Herbs for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Most of the neurodegenerative disorders are progressive in nature, and the cycle of etiological events usually have an early-onset which might get unnoticed or under-detected. (2006). Anti-diabetic activities of this plant might be attributed to the presence of tropane alkaloids which are known as potent inhibitor of -glucosidases and R-galactosidases (Gaikwad etal., 2014; Rachitha etal., 2018). Control. (2018). 113, 363381. Pharmacological results have validated the use of this species in traditional medicine. Allergy Drug Targets 8, 229235. J. Ethnopharmacol. Foundation Project: Supported by Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P, India (Grant No. The neuro-mechanistic aspects of this herb has been elucidated in Figure1A. 95, 100108. Together this preparation assists in enhancing hair growth. Complement. Gogte, V. M. (2012). Several drug delivery vehicles and nano-formulations have been devised so as to facilitate the targeted delivery of the drug to the site of action, i.e., the central nervous system, thereby bypassing the blood brain barrier (Saraiva etal., 2016; Tonda-Turo etal., 2018). 13, 313318. 168, 487503. Some preparations have been subjected to clinical trials. doi: 10.2174/187152809788681029, Ravichandra, V. D., Ramesh, C., Sridhar, K. A. It is highly beneficial in treating mental issues, forgetfulness and poor concentration. The CP herb has also been used as a phyto-ingredient of a polyherbal medicinal formulation: Sankhahauli, which contains leaves of C. prostratus (15 g); seeds of Piper nigrum (3 g) and Papaver somniferum (20 g); whole plant of Prunus amygdalus (10 g), Vitis vinifera (20 g) and Coriandrum sativum (10 g). The global burden of disease 19902020. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Convolvulus (es); (os); (bg); Convolvulus (tr); (zh-hk); pupenec (sk); Convolvulus (oc); (zh-hant); Konvolvulo (io); Pechak (uz); (kk); Konvolvulo (eo); svlaec (cs); Convolvulus (an); Convolvulus (ext); Convolvulus (fr); (cv); Pwitka (dsb); Wijawka (hsb); Convolvulus (vi); (xmf); Nahooy (nv); Convolvulus (pt-br); (zh-sg); kervindelslekta (nb); Sarmaq (az); (kn); (ckb); Convolvulus (en); (ar); (my); , (ky); Convolvulus (eu); Convolvulus (ast); (azb); Convolvulus (de); Convolvulus (ga); (hy); (zh); Snerle (da); (ka); (ja); Convolvulus (ia); (arz); Convolvulus (ie); (he); Convolvulus (la); (hi); (te); (pa); Giass (pms); Convolvulus (it); Kassitapp (et); Convolvulus (nl); (zh-hans); Convolvulus (war); , (be); Kierrot (fi); (zh-cn); Convolvulus (pt); Convolvulus (vo); Vindeslktet (sv); Abla (srn); Vijoklis (gentis) (lt); (zh-tw); (fa); (ru); Slak (hr); Convolvulus (ceb); Powj (pl); (tt); Anecfal (tawsit) (kab); Hui Cilembu (su); Convolvulus (ca); Convolvulus (ro); Convolvulus (sq); Correola (gl); (pnb); Convolvulus (vec); (uk) nom vernaculaire de plusieurs espces de plantes herbaces (es); genre de plantes (fr); (arz); (uk); geslacht uit de windefamilie (nl); (ru); genere di pianta della famiglia Convolvulaceae (it); Gattung der Familie Windengewchse (Convolvulaceae) (de); (bg); genus of plants, morning glory (en); (xmf); (zh); (fa) Strophocaulos (es); Liserons (fr); Convolvulus (et); Camisola de la Mare de Du, Corretjoles, Campanella, Corritjola, corretjola (ca); , , Convolvulus (os); Convolvulus (bg); Convolvulus (da); Vindor (sv); Convolvulus (pl); Convolvulus, (uk); Otsarmaq, Convolvulus (az); Convolvulus (ru); Convolvolo (it); iass (pms); Convolvulus (fi); Bindweed, Convolvulus (en); (ar); Convolvulus (cs); (zh), edit wikidata 'Category:Convolvulus' linked to current category, edit wikidata 'Convolvulus' main topic of 'Category:Convolvulus', Library of Congress authority ID: sh85014093, Bibliothque nationale de France ID: 150932767, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=2901, New Zealand Organisms Register ID: 2fe26095-d3ea-4cff-b219-00e2b0c5d0b7, Plants of the World online ID: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325787-2, National Library of Israel J9U ID: 987007282571405171, Field Bindweed - geograph.org.uk - 579756.jpg, Shankhapushpi (Gujarati ) (7987682661).jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Convolvulus&oldid=556084858, Biology categories with double wikidata item, Biology pages with wikidata item specified in VN, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Alternat. Boil 1 teaspoon of shankhpushpi powder with a cup of water. In a study, Rawat and Kothiyal have also found that the aquo-methanolic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts isolated from CP (50400 mg/Kg) exhibited anxiolytic, memory-enhancing and nootropic activity as evaluated by using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and step-down models in mice. Bio. Chem. Known as Mangalyakushuma in Sanskrit which means bringer of good fortune and health, each and every part of this milky-white flowered plant is extremely beneficial for treating a host of ailments and improving the longevity of life. Singh, V. K., Govil, J. N., Hashmi, S., Singh, G. (2003). doi:10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.038, Bihaqi, S. W., Singh, A. P., Tiwari, M. (2012). Copyright 2020 Balkrishna, Thakur and Varshney. doi:10.1007/s10681-005-9045-8, Quintans Jnior, L. J., Almeida, J. R., Lima, J. T., Nunes, X. P., Siqueira, J. S., Oliveira, L. E. G. D., et al. Intake of a decoction of a spoonful of shankhpushpi powder with a glass of water on a daily basis can do wonders in boosting your memory. Studies on medicinal properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis and Boerhaavia diffusa. Hence, the CP herb may aid in ameliorating the conditions of neuro-inflammation and consequent cognitive impairment. doi: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.564. (2011). Phytopharmacology of Indian Nootropic Convolvulus pluricaulis, in Pharmacotherapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. Shanka Pushpi: A short review. Res. In such a case, the therapies initiated after the onset of neuropathological asymptomatic etiologies will only have limited value for the patients (Solanki etal., 2016). Convolvine also aids in potentiating the effect of another muscarinic memory enhancer, namely, arecoline, thereby imparting nootropic abilities to CP (Sethiya etal., 2009). Carcinogenesis 22, 409414. J. Institut. 8600 Rockville Pike Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which an individual suffers from self-starvation. Chen, X., Pan, W. (2014). Int. Use of HPTLC to establish a distinct chemical profile for Shankhpushpi and for quantification of scopoletin in, Sethiya NK, Mishra SH. Interestingly, the Shankhpushpi syrup and its isolated compounds (Scopoletin and Bacoside A) also exhibited evident anti-oxidant activity as evaluated by using DPPH assay with average IC50 value ranging from 0.94 - 2.39% v/v (Jain etal., 2017; Rachitha etal., 2018). But let us move on.. Olakkaran, S., Antony, A. There is no lab experiment being done in this manuscript since it is a review paper. Biobehav. Sci. Pharmacol. Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda (Vol. Tirukati includes 13 species: Bacopa monnieri, C. pluricaulis, C. asiatica, A. racemosus, Valeriana wallichii, Rueraria tuberosa, Saussurea lappa, E. ribes, Tinospora cordifolia, Operculina turpethum, Pavonia odorata, Caryophyllus aromaticus and Foeniculum vulgare[35]. 11, 6268. Hydroxy-cinnamic acid is a phenyl-propanoid compound found in CP. Shankhpushpi is a powerful memory booster that helps in enhancing the brain's working capacity and reduce the loss of concentration. It also acts as a skin tonic, penetrates deep into the skin, nourishes it from within and imparts a radiant and healthy glow. The chemical constituents of C. pluricaulis are shown in Table 1[5]. The animals did not show any toxicity or behavioural changes up to the dose of 5,000 mg/Kg (Agarwal etal., 2014). The syrup and tablets include 19 species: C. asiatica, C. pluricaulis, C. paniculatus, Balsamodedron mukul, Ocimum sanctum, Nardostachys jatamansi, Piper longum, Carum copticum, Zingiber officinalis, Cyperus rotundus, A. calamus, E. ribes, Syzygium aromaticum, Santalum album, Elettaria cardamomum, Foeniculum vulgare, Rosa damascena, Cinnamomum cassia and Crocus sativus[35]. Learning behavior and memory enhancement activity, 100 mg/kg/passive avoidance paradigms and active avoidance test, 200 mg/kg/passive avoidance paradigms and active avoidance test. However, the author cited latest and recent publications on works done in this particular field, in which bring the readers to the recent analytical approach for pharmacological potential of this plant. The physical analysis of C. pluricaulis are given in Table 5[30]. Similarly, a polyherbal formulation (Trans-01) containing C. prostratus (30%), Valeriana wallichii (45%), Plumbago zeylanica (7.5%), Boswellia serrata (15%) and Acorus calamus (3.5%) also exhibited similar anti-depressant properties as tested by employing the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming stress (FSS)-induced alterations in serum corticosterone levels. 87, 116. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0289-3_13, Sethiya, N. K., Nahata, A., Mishra, S. H., Dixit, V. K. (2009). Herbal drug industry (Delhi, India: Eastern Publisher). The herb appears to produce its action by modulation of neurochemistry of the brain. Also Read: Five Common Types Of Headaches: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment. J. (2017). doi: 10.15415/jptrm.2017.51001, Jalwal, P., Singh, B., Dahiya, J., Khokhara, S. (2016). In recent years, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality (~ 12% global prevalence) (Islam etal., 2014). The most common disorders of the nervous system are schizophrenia (~ 40% prevalence in India) and epilepsy (~ 45% prevalence in India), which are clinically presented by dysfunction of the interneurons, misbalancing neuronal homeostasis, ultimately leading to neurophysiological disintegration (Gururaj etal., 2005). The juice can be mixed with water or taken as shots twice a day to prevent memory loss and boost brain functioning. J. doi:10.3109/13880209.2011.584539, Malik, S., Ahmad, S., Sadiq, A., Alam, K., Wariss, H. M., Ahmad, I., et al. 39 (5), 231234. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Since shankhpushpi has a mild hypotensive effect, people suffering from low blood pressure should consult a doctor before taking this. 7) (New Delhi, India: Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha). The fundamental bioactive compounds responsible for the nootropic activities of this herb have been identified as 4'-methoxy kaempferol, 7-methoxy quercetin, convolamine, scopoletin, ceryl alcohol, -sitosterol and hydroxy-cinnamic acid. The herb is extremely beneficial and is used from root to tips for its wide range of therapeutic benefits. Besides these, it also contains volatile oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, hydrocarbons, palmitic acids, linoleic acids, myristic acids, flavonoids, steroids-phytosterols, D-glucose, maltose, sucrose, starch, rhamnose, and other carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids. Sci. Several studies show that Shankhpushpi has potent anti-bacterial properties that are extensively used for removing bacteria from the body. Microbiol. (2013). Available at https://irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/794_pdf.pdf, Hoang, M. H., Jia, Y., Mok, B., Jun, H. J., Hwang, K. Y., Lee, S. J. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of -sitosterol. 13, 8184. Select pincode to see product availability. But mostly it is used in the form of syrup. The magical herbal remedy as a whole contains a myriad of active constituents including alkaloids like shankhapushpine, convolvuline, convolidine, convolvine, convolamine, convoline, confoline, convozine. Nat. DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl, MES: maximal electro shock, TST: tail suspension test, FST: forced swim test, EPM: elevated plus maze, MWM: morris water maze, CNS: central nervous system, APP: amyloid precursor protein. (2018). Received: 16 September 2019; Accepted: 07 February 2020;Published: 03 March 2020. Additionally, food grade CP powder and syrups are also available in the market for being used as a nutraceutical nootropic supplement, for example, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Shivalik Herbals Shankhpushpi Nutraceutical Capsules and Veg E Wagon Shankhpushpi Powder (Bhowmik etal., 2012). All parts of the herb are known to possess therapeutic benefits. Additionally, it also helps to soothe the mind and de-stress the brain. Kaempferol suppresses collagen-induced platelet activation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and protecting SHP-2 from oxidative inactivation. Besides, it also possesses several other therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. More specifically, a compound, namely, 29-oxodotriacontanol, isolated from the CP herb has also been assessed to possess antimicrobial and anti-fungal activity (Amin etal., 2014). Nat. Int. The present review is attempted to showcase the phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes and medicinal information of C. prostratus; with comprehensive research gap analysis. The result showed that only chloroform fraction in this doses significantly reduced the immobility time in both FST & TST. doi:10.3390/molecules201119714, Xing, N., Chen, Y., Mitchell, S. H., Young, C. Y. NGF-dependent neurons and neurobiology of emotions and feelings: Lessons from congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2015.01.004, Nasri, H., Shirzad, H., Baradaran, A., Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2015). Dev, S. (2006). It is best suggested for enhancing learning abilities and stimulating intelligent quotient in children, while it is also valuable in preventing dementia and memory loss in older people. Review of sankhahauli (Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy) from traditional medicine to modern science. Also Read: Sage: 5 Stunning Health Benefits Of The Memory Boosting Herb. A., Maaz, M., Shiffa, M. (2012). All these tend to h.. 4, 2530. Such extensive industrial uses of CP further confirms the holistic significance of this nontoxic wonder herb (Jalwal etal., 2016). Know. (2011). Chemical investigation of Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois. The presented research work been funded by the research funds of Patanjali Research Foundation Trust (PRFT), Haridwar, India. Table 2 Major phyto-constituents of Convolvulus prostratus (CP) with their reported medicinal utility. 5, 24582463. Hysteria is a psychological condition where an individual has a sudden outburst of emotion or excitement. The herb induces a feeling of calm and peace, good sleep and a relief in anxiety, stresses, mental fatigue, producing a significant reduction in the level of anxiety, neuroticism arising due to various levels of stresses. Front. Singh, V., Pandey, R. P. (1998). Early humans recognized their dependence on nature for a healthy life, and since that time humanity has depended on the diversity of plant resources for food, clothing, shelter, and medicine to cure myriads of ailments[2]. J. Adv. Hence, natural compounds serve as the holistic option which act on multiple neural targets and are enriched with free radical scavenging polyphenolic compounds (Park etal., 2018).
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