The ability to make these adjustments is important if the operator wants to match the water temperature to the cleaning job being performed. Some flow switches that contain reed switches can be mounted vertically or horizontally. The oil pump pressure and the oil nozzle size control the fuel amount. Pressure Switches are the most popular. Keeping away from the spring terminals to avoid being shocked, look inside and verify that the squirrel cage fan is spinning. If it is damaged or loose, replace or tighten it. All rights reserved. Hold a container at the fuel line outlet, a small coffee can works well, and then perform the following test. This is done with a series of switches that open or close to either complete a circuit or open a circuit. A magnet floats in the hollow section of the body. This switch has two magnets. It isnt possible to offer an exact amount of operation time to run the equipment before descaling should be done. The correct way to test a transformer or ignitor is to remove the top screws and fold it open on its hinge. Most vacuum switches have a manual test lever that protrudes out through the outer switch cover. The biggest drawback to the vertical coil is that leaks or condensation from the coil piping drains directly into the burner. Cool fresh air is needed for the engine to operate properly. When eliminating a major component, there is one less thing to maintain and repair. Shake the stem and listen for the sound of the ball moving. With the acid in a pail, place the pump pick up line into the solution, then connect the pump outlet to the coil inlet. Never allow a coil to freeze. 946227313, View all Industrial Pressure Pumps & Spares, Interpump TX & TSX Pressure Washer Spares, View all High Pressure Equipment & Spares, Motors, Electrical Equipment & Pressure Washer Frames, View all Motors, Electrical Equipment & Pressure Washer Frames, View all Hose Adaptors, Connectors & Swivels, Gun & Lance Assemblies Including Easyeash365+, Gun Inlet swivels, Adaptors, Connectors & Accessories, Tip Nozzles for ST75,ST175 & ST76 Foam Blaster. ( Item) So they are creating a force that repels each from the other. Most vacuum switches have a manual lever on the side that activates the micro switch. It is installed as close to the outlet of the heater coil as possible. With fuel, the burner fires and the water is heated, without fuel, the burner cannot fire, and no heat is produced. If you disconnect all the wiring without mapping it out, it can take a long time to figure out, but looking on the bright side, it can be an excellent learning experience. Closing down the adjustment slots too much restricts the airflow, and the burner will smoke. If the burner is wired for constant voltage to the transformer / ignitor, it isnt necessary to have water flow. A coil on a pressure washer that is being run cold in humid weather will have condensation on the outside of the pipes. To remove and inspect the fuel pump piston, remove the pump pressure adjustment fitting and the pump outlet fitting on the opposite side. On the switch body there is a plate that is held in place with screws and has a seal to waterproof the switch. Use a circulating pump that is acid resistant. It depends on the hardness of the water being used, and how hot the water is heated. Also take care not to drop anything on to the spinning fan. Check to make sure that the transformer / ignitor terminals make solid contact with the electrodes when the unit is closed onto the burner housing, and if they dont, make any necessary adjustments. Without a wiring diagram or map, remember this one piece of advice above all else, dont disconnect the burner wiring without recording how it was connected. When used on a pressure washer, a burner must be told not to burn when no water is flowing, and when the water is hot enough. From there the fuel is plumbed directly to the fuel nozzle. If your machine has a horizontal flow switch the only difference in the test procedure is that you need to push the magnet forward using a screwdriver. First find the power cord wires and follow them to the first grouping of wires. It must be installed after the unloader outlet so when the trigger gun is released it will be in the correct position to sense the flow stoppage. It is either used as a safety device in addition to a thermostat that keeps a burner system from heating water too much, or it alone controls the high-end temperature of the water. The incoming supply flow enters the float tank, and then a separate port in the float tank connects the float tank to the pump inlet. This type of coil has the burner mounted underneath and exhausts out the top. The secondary circuit will be made up of all the switches and the fuel solenoid. This is called a double lock out system. The fuel still flows in the fuel pump, being pulled from the fuel tank and recycled back to the fuel tank through the return line. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. The nozzle is designed to atomize the fuel and spray it in a cone shaped pattern that ignites easily and burns cleanly. Has the fuel filter been changed? As you label each wire, record on a piece of paper, which number wire, reconnects where. A 12-volt unit provides the option of gear drive. 751 Martin Luther King Dr. Section: Vacuum SwitchRemember that you will either use a Flow, Pressure or Vac Switch. A panel-mount thermostat consists of a dial and switch that is mounted in a location remote from the sensor. This should create additional vacuum and cause the burner to fire. There rationale for the motor and the ignitor to be shut off is to conserve electricity. This causes the fuel solenoid to close stopping the fuel flow to the burner nozzle. Remove the nozzle assembly from the burner housing. Section: Ignition Spark Diagnosis & Repair. Breaking down the components that make up a vacuum switch, the list includes, the switch outer body, the diaphragm, spring, and the electric switch. If bypassing the vacuum switch indicates that it is the problem, first verify that the inlet plumbing is installed so that the float tank is breaking the inlet water pressure. They all have a mounting plate that allows for bolting to the burner housing. Because they dont have an adjustment dial, these thermostats are a simple probe that contains the sensor and the switch. The fuel solenoid is the valve that is energized when the burner control switches allow current to flow to it. The ability to make these adjustments is important if the operator wants to match the water temperature to the cleaning job being performed. Units that do have a generator are belt drive to allow one engine to transfer power to both the pump and the generator. For more information, click below, For order or technical assistance, contact EnviroSpec, Copyright 2022 EnviroSpec. Loosen the fitting on the other end where the fuel line attaches to the fuel solenoid outlet and move the line to make it possible to hold a container under the line to catch fuel. With the coil energized, slowly insert a small screwdriver blade into the center hole. Next test the Transformer / Ignitor. Both terminals must provide sufficient spark for the burner to operate properly. Opening up the adjustment too much can cause the fuel nozzle spray pattern to be compromised, causing poor fuel ignition and smoke. Adjustable thermostats provide a means for the equipment operator to set the temperature at which the sensor will open the switch. Whenever equipment is left in storage for more than a few weeks, anti-freeze it. If there is power, and the wire leads to the motor are properly connected, the motor needs to be replaced. When the airflow on the burner is correct, as long as there arent any other problems, the burner will burn cleanly, producing no visible exhaust. If a flow switch is installed before the unloader the water will continue to flow in the by-pass loop and the switch will remain closed, allowing the burner to continue to fire. Make sure that the proper gap is set, and that the distance from the nozzle is correct. Next remove the coil from the valve by removing the retaining nut. If there is a circuit breaker that doesnt manually reset, test it for continuity with a meter, or another way to test it is by bypassing it with a 20-amp in-line fuse. If this is done, disable the burner so it cannot be turned on by mistake. Sign Up & Receive Exclusive Offers & Technical Wisdom For The Professional Power Wash Contractor! The anti-freeze contains rust inhibitors that will protect your coil. Pressure wash the coil, using a good degreasing chemical. This type of coil has the burner mounted on one end and is installed horizontally on a frame. If it does, try to make adjustments to increase the water flow. A good point to remember is that if the water flow stops, and the burner continues to fire due to the failure of some other component, the high limit switch will not be very effective because the water is no longer flowing past it. A coil on a pressure washer that is being run cold for a long time can be anti-freezed and by-passed, which will add to its longevity. If carbon tracking is found, replace the electrode. A common one used switches at 580 PSI. Any temperature-sensing switch must be installed with the sensor located where the water first emerges from the heater coil to be accurate. If spark is not established, replace the transformer / ignitor. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. A tri-magnet type flow switch uses three magnets to close a micro switch. If the burner fires, the reed switch was bad. When this magnet is in the forward position it activates a micro switch, closing the circuit and allowing the fuel solenoid valve to be energized and opened. This reduces to cost of the pressure washer. When the water becomes as hot as the thermostat is set to allow, the sensor opens the switch and breaks the flow of electricity in the circuit, causing the fuel solenoid valve to close. If the burner does fire, then remove the pressure switch from the pressure washer. It is important to provide a way to exhaust the hot gases out of the area that the equipment runs in. The cost of a 12-volt burner, as well as the cost of many replacement parts is higher than that of a 120-volt unit. A small advantage is gained in vehicle fuel consumption without this weight. The by-pass loop includes the pump outlet to the unloader inlet, so the water continues to move there in any case, whether the trigger gun is opened or closed. Be sure that the transformer / ignitor wires are connected to the power source. A flow switch is installed directly in the water stream. The vacuum switch is installed between the float tank and the inlet port of the pump. A rule of thumb is the maximum rated flow of your burner nozzle should be half of the rated water flow of the pressure washer pump. ( Items), UK MAINLAND FREE DELIVERY on orders over 200. The other is a disc that is located on the housing facing. If you have a flow switch with a magnet that cant be reached from the outside, and turning the switch upside down doesnt cause the burner to fire, replace the flow switch. Generally, the thicker the pipe wall, the greater the longevity of the coil. Eventually the temperatures at the sensor may reach the point where the sensor opens the switch, but by then the temperatures inside the coil will be extreme. If the equipment is permanently mounted in an enclosed truck or trailer, it can be exhausted through the roof or the vehicle side. When the system pressure is reduced, the spring applies more force to the plunger than the water pressure and the plunger is pushed out, disengaging it from the micro switch and opening the circuit. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. The magnet in these flow switches has a spring that applies enough pressure to it to return it to its original position when the water flow stops. The bulb is mounted at the outlet of the heater coil where it is exposed to the water temperature. If there is a circuit breaker that doesnt manually reset, test it for continuity with a meter, or another way to test it is by bypassing it with a 20-amp in-line fuse. Leave the wiring intact. If there is no power coming into the burner, the power supply problem must be diagnosed and repaired. This cleaning should be done in a way that avoids scratching the surfaces involved. The system needs to operate at a higher pressure than the PSI that causes the switch to activate when under pressure, and at a low enough PSI that the switch isnt activated when in by-pass. After exhausting these possibilities, move on to the fuel pump. Check to see if the coils are blocked with accumulated soot deposits. The magnet inside should drop to the other end of the switch body and the burner should fire. The coil is probably ready to leak in numerous other areas and the repair will not buy much time. If there is an obstruction in the nozzle, it is possible to remove it, however it is also very easy to damage the nozzle so that the fan pattern of the spray is no longer correct. Nearest the burner, a single outer coil of pipe allows a large open space in the center so the flame itself makes minimal connect with the pipe. If the equipment has a wiring diagram, follow it through to gain an understanding of the electrical flow. If the burner is wired in the most common way, the transformer / ignitor and the burner motor will be wired directly to the incoming power cord so that anytime power is supplied to the burner they will be on. Another acid product that can be used is a 5 to 8% solution of hydrofluoric acid. Remove and replace the burner nozzle. If there isnt a wiring diagram, mapping out the wiring of a pressure washer isnt a bad idea. Subtotal If there isnt proper flow at the fuel pump bleeder, begin inspecting the path of the fuel for problems. Pressure switches can be used for a variety of purposes on a pressure washer. Circulate the acid solution through the pipe for the period of time recommended on the packaging, or if using hydrofluoric acid, for one hour. To understand this think about the water as it flows through the high-pressure nozzle. Descaling is a process where acid is circulated through the coil for a period of time. Many times it is helpful to add stovepipe to the exhaust of the coil jacket to route the exhaust fumes out of the area where the equipment is located. The switch is attached to the opposite side of the diaphragm and is activated when the diaphragm pulls it. If there was no flow at all from the pump bleeder, remove the pump from the burner housing and attempt to rotate the pump shaft. There should be a strong, steady stream of fuel without air bubbles in it. A fuel filter installed on the inlet line assures that no contaminants reach the pump. A blunt probe should then be inserted into the piston chamber and the piston should be pushed out of the pump through the outlet port. Plumb the coil outlet back to the pail. Water creates problems in the burner including electrical shorts and misfiring of fuel. There a only a few disadvantages to the 12-volt burner system. Most burners have the fan inside the burner housing with visual access gained by folding open the ignitor on its hinge. If the equipment is permanently mounted in a building, exhausting the burner to the outside is advisable. Slide the disk one number at a time and wait about twenty seconds to see the operational result in the combustion. The most common inner diameters are 3/8, , and . When the circuit is open, and not energized, the solenoid valve closes and shuts off the fuel supply to the nozzle. It has a fitting that allows installation, o-ring seals, a plunger, spring, electric micro switch, and the switch body itself. Thermostats have different dead band ranges. A high limit switch is a lot like a fixed thermostat. This fan is called a squirrel cage fan. Both can be adjusted after loosening the setscrews that hold them in position. Check the coil outlet port for any possible blockage. The exhaust is commonly routed out the end of the coil jacket that is opposite the burner assembly. The other is a flat disk that is located on the housing face around fuel pump. If the plunger is depressing the micro switch and the burner doesnt fire, replace the pressure switch. If the electrode is shorting out, it is not delivering the spark to the fuel properly. Adjustable thermostats provide a means for the equipment operator to set the temperature at which the sensor will open the switch. If adjusted out more, the air can actually blow out the flame and keep it from igniting again. This causes the burner to cycle on and off more often to keep the water temperature more consistent. A dial or adjustment screw is the most common adjustment method. It is important that the engine charging system produces enough voltage to continuously supply the burner, along with providing the power required by the engine. We stock ST-5, 7 and flow switches. That means it wont attack the metal of the coil much, it will primarily work on the scale. If the ball is stuck inside it should be possible to free it in this manner. The two magnets are installed with their similar poles towards each other. If the burner is fueled with number two fuel oil, soot will build up and the coil will need to be cleaned periodically. Pressure switches are available that switch at different pressures. Carefully remove the nozzle assembly from the burner by lifting it out of the opening on the top of the burner housing. If the coil needs to be cleaned, disconnect and remove it from the machine. Heat is also a major factor in igniter failure. Water traveling through a coil with many pancakes also has to travel inside the coil longer, so it is exposed to more heat transfer for a longer period of time. The more water inside the coil pipe, the slower it moves through the coil. Use of a vacuum switch requires negative pressure to be generated by the pump drawing water into the inlet port. When used as a burner control, it opens and closes the circuit that causes the oil solenoid to either be energized and open, allowing fuel to enter the burner nozzle, or shutting the fuel supply off to the burner nozzle. Next run an alkaline detergent through the coil using the same method. If it isnt, replace the coil. All Rights Reserved. If it isnt, with the power turned off, check to see if the motor turns freely by turning the squirrel cage fan by hand. Creating an account has many benefits: check out faster, keep more than one address, track orders and more. When negative pressure is present, the switch diaphragm balloons towards the negative pressure. The minimum charging system used to successfully operate an oil burner on a pressure washer is 16-ampere; to be safe a 20-ampere or larger charging system is recommended. The soot insulates the pipe reducing the transfer of heat. This condensation collects in the burner on a vertical coil and in the insulation underneath it on a horizontal coil. The jacket is constructed of metal and it is generally insulated on the inside to prevent the outside from becoming dangerously hot during operation. A 240-volt oil burner typically found in a fixed location that can supply that amount of voltage, and would not normally be found in a mobile wash environment. It is installed where it can best sense the water temperature as it emerges from the coil. If the coil does produce a magnetic field, check the valve stem and ball. At this point the burner components that run constantly will be connected in one circuit, while other components that are controlled by the switches will be wired in another circuit loop. Next component to examine is the fuel nozzle. 946227313 Tighten the fitting at the fuel solenoid. It has a metal body that is hollow inside. The burner nozzle is designed with a filter that provides a last second chance to trap any debris that may have escaped the first fuel filter. Servicing an oil burner mounted underneath a coil is much less convenient than servicing an oil burner on a horizontal coil. The vacuum switch must operate where the inlet line is producing a vacuum. With the magnets installed in this manner, they try to repel each other. On older equipment the fuel line and fittings can become restricted, inspect and clean or replace any that have built up deposits. 07548943 / VAT No. The area must be accessible for welding. With a large screwdriver that has an insulated grip, touch the tip of the blade to one terminal, then lower the screwdriver shaft to away from the metal mounting plate. Most switches used for burner control are wired in the normally open position; some however are wired in the normally closed position. CLICK HERE, Why is fuel pump pressure so important? If the plunger isnt contacting and depressing the micro switch, use a small screwdriver to manually depress the micro switch. Start the pressure washer and examine the switch plunger operation while another person first sprays for five seconds, and then stops spraying for five seconds. This type of switch, like a pressure switch, can be used for several applications. Inspect the airflow adjustment slots on the burner housing to make sure they arent blocked. Most burner motors used on pressure washer burner units are or 1/5 horsepower. Anti-freeze equipment to protect it from freezing. Disconnect the fuel line fitting where the fuel line enters the burner housing. A vacuum switch operates using the negative pressure, or suction produced as the pump is drawing water into the inlet port. Grayburnerman.comshows you how to keep your burner coils and heating chamber from sootingup. This test must be performed with the burner turned on. The fuel pump on the oil burner is normally a 3450-RPM pump that is driven directly by the motor. A flow switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. If the burner runs a lot and the water doesnt get as hot as it should, scaling may be the problem. When the circuit is closed and energized, the solenoid valve is open and fuel flows through and goes to the burner nozzle. All rights reserved. If a new size fuel nozzle has been installed, or if the fuel pump pressure has been adjusted, it may be necessary to adjust the air vents on the burner housing. Conversely, the larger the diameter of the opening or pipe, the slower the water flow. Check it visually or use a dipstick. When the water stops flowing the magnet returns to the other end. These control components will be wired in a loop. Do not use the pressure washer pump to circulate acid. The amount of heat generated is controlled by the amount of fuel being burned per minute. It is also difficult to judge because inspection of the inside of the pipe is difficult. 120 and 240-volt systems. It isnt found as frequently as the other types of flow switches. Hold the switch in your hand and turn on the burner power. With the burner on, slowly open the bleeder while holding a container to catch the fuel under it. The valve stem can now be pulled out of the valve body. Hydrofluoric acid is dangerous and aggressive; take every precaution when using this acid. Removal of this plate allows inspection of the micro switch. ecommerce agency. First, be sure that there is sufficient incoming voltage to the burner, if there isnt, insufficient spark may be the result. The incoming electricity is stepped up to a higher voltage then delivered to the area of the fuel nozzle by electrodes. On way to keep the wiring straight is to label them with small pieces of tape with numbers. When the burner is firing, the fuel is pushed out the pump outlet port and through the fuel solenoid. The schedule of the pipe pertains to the thickness of the pipe wall. The power generally comes through a circuit breaker or a fuse before entering the burner housing. If fuel is flowing properly, you have just eliminated the fuel tank, fuel filter, fuel lines, fuel pump, the flow or pressure switch, and the fuel solenoid as possible problems. Some fuel tanks have screens that can become obstructed, check and clean. It also allows for a smaller engine because a generator requires one to two horsepower to generate the electricity. CLICK HERE. If the coil is functional, the magnetic force should pull the screwdriver blade to the coil. A baffle is a steel plate that is welded to the end of the coil farthest from the burner. The switch must be installed in the water flow were it will be exposed to high pressure when the trigger gun is open, and low pressure when the trigger gun is closed. Check for loose or disconnected wires. If the inlet water is not cold, the thermostat may not sense the need to raise the water temperature, otherwise it is likely that replacement will be necessary. If you have a vertical only pressure switch, turn it upside down. With no fuel to burn, the burner flame goes out. Firing the burner occasionally will help to dry things out. An old pump, or an inexpensive pump that can be sacrificed without losing too much money should be used. Let the coil dry then reinstall onto the pressure washer. Pressure Switches are the most popular. Is the Motor turning? Try to manually push the plunger, if it is stuck this will help to free it. A flow switch completes the circuit when the water is moving after the unloader valve outlet. Adding a soot remover to the fuel oil helps to reduce any build up. In a 12-volt system low incoming voltage is one of the common causes for ignitor failure. Is there fuel in the tank? Using a 12-volt burner eliminates the need for a separate generator on a mobile unit. Soot can also build up and block air passage around the pipe. Inside there is a piston, a spring, and a metal disk. Belt driven generators used on pressure washers weigh around seventy pounds. When the PSI is high, the pressure switch plunger is pushed in. Hydrofluoric acid isnt always self-inhibited. A 120-volt system would be in either a fixed location, or utilized with a pressure washer equipped with a generator to supply the needed power. Thermostats can be wired either normally closed or normally open. If the burner still does not fire, replace the pressure switch. The more water that flows through the coil per minute, the more BTUs are required to heat it to the desired temperature. Inspect the small orifice that allows water to enter so pressure can push the plunger. There are two ways that a fuel pump on an oil burner can be plumbed. Where consistent water temperature is important, most thermostats fail to perform as well as desired. With one fuel line from the tank to the pump, or with a return line that circulates the fuel back to the tank when it isnt burned. To efficiently combust the fuel, the air supply must be sufficient, and ignition must be provided. Flow switches and PR5 and PR6 pressure switches are used to control functions on a hot or cold pressure washer. These are our most popular thermostats. Inspection involves removing the burner assembly from the coil jacket and visually examining the coil for soot. If depressing this lever fires the burner, the switch is functional, but the diaphragm is not activating it. If you run out of adjustment on the disk, then start working with the band. The fan is attached to the burner motor shaft with an allen-type set screw. Most burner motors turn at 3450 RPM. A capillary tube connects the bulb with the switch. Under the cover you will find an internal filter screen, clean it if necessary. Test the terminal on the other side the same way. The thermostat uses a sensing devise to determine the temperature of the water. On some burners this circuit also shuts off power to the motor and the ignitor. If the motor doesnt turn, the motor or the pump could be the problem. CLICK HERE, To much air results in not enough heat and terrible fuel economy.Grayburnerman.com shows you how to adjust your burner of optimum performance. When the unloader is adjusted so most of the water the pump delivers is sent into bypass, the inlet may not draw enough water to create enough suction to operate the vacuum switch. This of course is offset by not having to buy and maintain a generator. As long as the piston can be removed without damage, the piston and the piston chamber can then be cleaned. Make sure that the pump is drawing properly at its rated volume. First establish that power is being supplied to the solenoid, either by testing the voltage with a meter, or by connecting the coil directly to the proper power source. It is installed at the outlet of the heater coil. Check and replace fuse if blown; Reset the circuit breaker if it is tripped. The most obvious advantage would be the elimination of the separate generator. One located in the hollow tube in the body, and one fixed at the outlet end of the body. Each pancake provides addition feet of pipe inside the coil jacket. 12-Volt motors are physically smaller than 120-volt motors. If this occurs, do not start the water flow until the water in the coil has cooled. When the water is flowing the magnet is pushed to one end of the hollow section. Remove any blockage caused by loose insulation. A vacuum switch used to control a burner is wired to be normally open. Now attempt to turn the motor, if it turns replace the fuel pump, if it doesnt turn, replace the motor. Have another person spray for about five seconds while you check to see if fuel is flowing properly. Most items may be returned for credit or exchanged within 30 days. If bypassing the thermostat indicated that it was the problem, make sure that it is adjusted to a temperature that is high enough to activate it. Also be aware that if you install a fuel nozzle that is too large for your system, it will smoke regardless of what you adjust.
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